Contents and introductory material

FLORIDA RULES OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE

FLORIDA RULES OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE ............................. 1

CITATIONS TO OPINIONS ADOPTING OR AMENDING RULES........ 5

RULE 9.010. EFFECTIVE DATE; SCOPE; APPLICABILITY OF

FLORIDA RULES OF GENERAL PRACTICE AND JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION ................................... 10

RULE 9.020. DEFINITIONS ........................................................... 11

RULE 9.030. JURISDICTION OF COURTS .................................... 20

RULE 9.040. GENERAL PROVISIONS ........................................... 28

RULE 9.045. FORM OF DOCUMENTS .......................................... 34

RULE 9.050. MAINTAINING PRIVACY OF PERSONAL DATA ......... 35

RULE 9.100. ORIGINAL PROCEEDINGS ....................................... 35

RULE 9.110. APPEAL PROCEEDINGS TO REVIEW FINAL ORDERS

OF LOWER TRIBUNALS AND ORDERS GRANTING NEW TRIAL IN JURY AND NONJURY CASES ........... 49

RULE 9.120. DISCRETIONARY PROCEEDINGS TO REVIEW

DECISIONS OF DISTRICT COURTS OF APPEAL ...... 58

RULE 9.125. REVIEW OF TRIAL COURT ORDERS AND

JUDGMENTS CERTIFIED BY THE DISTRICT COURTS OF APPEAL AS REQUIRING IMMEDIATE RESOLUTION BY THE SUPREME COURT OF FLORIDA .................................................................. 62

RULE 9.130. PROCEEDINGS TO REVIEW NONFINAL ORDERS AND

SPECIFIED FINAL ORDERS ..................................... 65

RULE 9.140. APPEAL PROCEEDINGS IN CRIMINAL CASES ......... 74

RULE 9.141. REVIEW PROCEEDINGS IN COLLATERAL OR

POSTCONVICTION CRIMINAL CASES ...................... 93

RULE 9.142. PROCEDURE FOR REVIEW IN DEATH PENALTY

CASES ................................................................... 101

RULE 9.143. CRIME VICTIMS ..................................................... 108

RULE 9.145. APPEAL PROCEEDINGS IN JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

CASES ................................................................... 108

RULE 9.146. APPEAL PROCEEDINGS IN JUVENILE DEPENDENCY

AND TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS CASES AND CASES INVOLVING FAMILIES AND CHILDREN IN NEED OF SERVICES ......................................... 111

RULE 9.147. APPEAL PROCEEDINGS TO REVIEW FINAL ORDERS

DISMISSING PETITIONS FOR JUDICIAL WAIVER OF PARENTAL NOTICE AND CONSENT OR CONSENT ONLY TO TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY ............. 118

RULE 9.148. APPEAL PROCEEDINGS TO REVIEW ORDERS UNDER

FLORIDA MENTAL HEALTH/BAKER ACT .............. 119

RULE 9.150. DISCRETIONARY PROCEEDINGS TO REVIEW

CERTIFIED QUESTIONS FROM FEDERAL COURTS .............................................................................. 122

RULE 9.160. DISCRETIONARY PROCEEDINGS TO REVIEW

DECISIONS OF COUNTY COURTS ......................... 123

RULE 9.170. APPEAL PROCEEDINGS IN PROBATE AND

GUARDIANSHIP CASES ......................................... 127

RULE 9.180. APPEAL PROCEEDINGS TO REVIEW WORKERS’

COMPENSATION CASES ........................................ 130

RULE 9.190. JUDICIAL REVIEW OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION . 141

RULE 9.200. THE RECORD ........................................................ 150

RULE 9.210. BRIEFS .................................................................. 160

RULE 9.220. APPENDIX.............................................................. 168

RULE 9.225. NOTICE OF SUPPLEMENTAL AUTHORITY ............. 171

RULE 9.300. MOTIONS ............................................................... 171

RULE 9.310. STAY PENDING REVIEW ........................................ 171

RULE 9.315. SUMMARY DISPOSITION ....................................... 179

RULE 9.320. ORAL ARGUMENT ................................................. 180

RULE 9.330. REHEARING; CLARIFICATION; CERTIFICATION;

WRITTEN OPINION ................................................ 182

RULE 9.331. DETERMINATION OF CAUSES IN A DISTRICT COURT

OF APPEAL EN BANC ............................................ 185

RULE 9.340. MANDATE .............................................................. 189

RULE 9.350. DISMISSAL OF CAUSES ........................................ 190

RULE 9.360. PARTIES ................................................................ 192

RULE 9.370. AMICUS CURIAE ................................................... 194

RULE 9.380. NOTICE OF RELATED CASE OR ISSUE ................. 196

RULE 9.400. COSTS AND ATTORNEYS’ FEES ............................ 196

RULE 9.410. SANCTIONS ........................................................... 198

RULE 9.420. FILING; SERVICE; COMPUTATION OF TIME .......... 200

RULE 9.425. CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGE TO STATE STATUTE

OR STATE CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION ............. 204

RULE 9.430. PROCEEDINGS BY INDIGENTS ............................. 205

RULE 9.440. ATTORNEYS .......................................................... 207

RULE 9.500. ADVISORY OPINIONS TO GOVERNOR ................... 209

RULE 9.510. ADVISORY OPINIONS TO ATTORNEY GENERAL .... 210

RULE 9.600. JURISDICTION OF LOWER TRIBUNAL PENDING

REVIEW ................................................................. 211

RULE 9.700. MEDIATION RULES ............................................... 213

RULE 9.710. ELIGIBILITY FOR MEDIATION ............................... 215

RULE 9.720. MEDIATION PROCEDURES ................................... 215

RULE 9.730. APPOINTMENT AND COMPENSATION OF THE

MEDIATOR ............................................................ 217

RULE 9.740. COMPLETION OF MEDIATION ............................... 219

RULE 9.800. UNIFORM CITATION SYSTEM ................................ 219

RULE 9.900. FORMS .................................................................. 228

CITATIONS TO OPINIONS ADOPTING OR AMENDING RULES

1962 REVISION, Effective 10-1-62: 142 So. 2d 724 OTHER OPINIONS

Eff. Date Citation Description 3-1-78: 351 So.2d 981. Complete revision. 1-1-80: 374 So.2d 992. Adopted 9.331. 1-1-80: 376 So.2d 844. Added 9.140(b)(3). 1-1-80: 377 So.2d 700. Amended 9.331. 4-1-80: 381 So.2d 1370. Amended 9.030–9.150, 9.220. 1-1-81: 387 So.2d 920. Four-year-cycle revision. Amended 9.100, 9.200, 9.300, 9.420, 9.600.

1-1-81: 391 So.2d 203. Amended 9.030, 9.100–9.130, 9.200, 9.210, 9.900; ordered publication of 1980 committee notes.

10-1-82: 416 So.2d 1127. Amended 9.331. 12-15-83: 443 So.2d 972. Added 9.140(c)(1)(J).

10-1-84: 463 So.2d 1114.* Amended 9.030, 9.160, and 9.165. 1-1-85: 463 So.2d 1114.* Amended and adopted numerous rules. 3-1-85: 463 So.2d 1124. Deleted 9.165; replaced 9.030(b)(4), 9.160. 3-19-87: 505 So.2d 1087. Amended 9.420(e). 7-1-87: 509 So.2d 276. Adopted 9.315; amended 9.140(c)(1)(J), 9.200, 9.600, 9.900(g).

1-1-89: 529 So.2d 687. Amended numerous rules. 1-1-89: 536 So.2d 240. Clarified 529 So.2d 687. 7-9-92: 605 So.2d 850. Amended 9.130(a)(3). 1-1-93: 609 So.2d 516. Four-year-cycle revision. Numerous amendments.

12-5-94: 646 So.2d 730. Amended 9.331. 6-15-95: 657 So.2d 897. Amended 9.600. 10-12-95: 661 So.2d 815. Amended 9.800(n).

1-1-96: 663 So.2d 1314. Amended 9.130(a). 7-1-96: 675 So.2d 1374. Amended 9.020(g). 8-29-96: 678 So.2d 315. Added court commentary to 9.140. 1-1-97: 685 So.2d 773. Four-year-cycle revision. Numerous amendments.

7-1-99: 756 So.2d 27. Amended 9.110(l). 11-12-99: 761 So.2d 1015. Amended 9.020(h), 9.140, 9.600.

1-1-00: 760 So.2d 74. Amended 9.100(g), (j)–(k). 1-1-01: 780 So.2d 834. Four-year-cycle revisions. Numerous amendments.

Eff. Date Citation Description 10-18-01: 807 So.2d 633. Amended 9.140 and 9.141.

1-1-03: 827 So.2d 888. Two-year-cycle revisions. Numerous amendments.

1-1-03: 837 So.2d 911 Amended 9.140; adopted 9.142. 10-23-03: 858 So.2d 1013. Amended 9.110.

1-1-04: 860 So.2d 394. Amended 9.360(b). 10-1-04: 875 So.2d 563. Amended 9.140. 10-1-04: 887 So.2d 1090. Amended 9.190, 9.200. 2-3-05: 894 So.2d 202. Two-year-cycle revisions. Numerous amendments.

4-7-05: 901 So.2d 109. Amended 9.140(c)(1). 1-19-06: 919 So.2d 431. Amended 9.160, 9.420(d). 7-6-06: 934 So.2d 438 Amended 9.110, 9.900. 11-9-06: 942 So.2d 406. Adopted 9.510. 1-1-07: 941 So.2d 352. Amended 9.120, 9.140, 9.146, 9.180, 9.200, 9.210, 9.300, 9.370.

11-15-07: 969 So.2d 357. Amended 9.141, 9.142.

1-1-08: 967 So.2d 194. Amended 9.300. 9-25-08: 992 So.2d 233. Amended 9.141(c). 12-30-08: 1 So.3d 163. Amended 9.142.

1-1-09: 2 So.3d 89. Three-year cycle revisions. Numerous amendments.

1-29-09: 1 So.3d 166. Amended 9.110(b), (g), 9.360. 1-29-09: 1 So.3d 168. Amended 9.141(c). 7-16-09: 13 So.3d 1044. Amended 9.140, 9.200, 9.900(h). 10-15-09: 20 So.3d 380. Amended 9.142, 9.200.

11-12-09 24 So.3d 47. Amended 9.146, 9.340, 9430.

3-18-10: 31 So.3d 756. Amended 9.040(i), 9.100(d), 9.110. 7-1-10: 41 So.3d 161. Adopted 9.700, 9.710, 9.730, 9.740. 12-1-10: 41 So.3d 885. Amended 9.300, 9.400, 9.410. 7-1-11: 72 So.3d 735. Amended 9.141, 9.142. 10-1-11: 80 So.3d 317. Adopted 9.050. 1-1-12: 84 So.3d 192. Three-year cycle revisions. Numerous amendments.

3-1-12: 84 So.3d 224. Amended 9.110(n). 6-14-12: 93 So.3d 325. Amended 9.200. 9-1-12: 102 So.3d 505. Amended 9.420. 10-1-12: 95 So.3d 96. Amended 9.420.

Eff. Date Citation Description 2-27-13 for Supreme Court of Florida and 7-22-13–12-27- 13 for District Courts of Appeal:

102 So.3d 451. Amended 9.020, 9.110, 9.120, 9.125, 9.130, 9.140, 9.141, 9.142, 9.145, 9.146, 9.160, 9.180, 9.200, 9.210, 9.220, 9.360, 9.500, 9.510, 9.900.

7-01-13: 123 So.3d 734. Amended 9.140, 9.141. 9-26-13: 123 So.3d 53. Amended 9.140. 1-1-14: 125 So.3d 743. Amended 9.340. 2-20-14: 133 So.3d 927. Clarified 9.110 1-1-15: 148 So.3d 1171. Amended 9.142. 1-1-15: 183 So.3d 245. Amended 9.020, 9.100, 9.110, 9.130, 9.140, 9.141, 9.142, 9.145, 9.146, 9.160, 9.180, 9.190, 9.210, 9.300, 9.320, 9.330, 9.331, 9.340, 9.350, 9.400, 9.410, 9.420, 9.430, 9.600, 9.720, 9.800, 9.900. Adopted 9.147.

1-1-15: 151 So.3d 1217. Amended 9.130. 3-12-15: 160 So.3d 62. Amended 9.210. 8-27-15: 173 So.3d 951. Amended 9.210. 10-1-15: 173 So.3d 953. Amended 9.210. 10-8-15: 176 So.3d 980. Amended 9.140. 1-5-16: 177 So.3d 1254. Amended 9.200 and 9.210. 7-1-16: 194 So.3d 309. Amended 9.140. 7-1-16: 204 So.3d 13. Amended 9.140. 9-29-16: 200 So.3d 1221. Amended 9.141. 3-23-17: 213 So.3d 803. Amended 9.146. 10-1-17: 225 So.3d 223. Amended 9.020, 9.120, 9.141, 9.160, 9.180, 9.220, and 9.220.

1-1-19: 256 So.3d 1218. Amended 9.010, 9.020, 9.030, 9.040, 9.100, 9.110, 9.120, 9.125, 9.130, 9.140, 9.141, 9.142, 9.145, 9.146, 9.150, 9.160, 9.170, 9.180, 9.190, 9.200, 9.210, 9.225, 9.310, 9.330, 9.331, 9.350, 9.360, 9.370, 9.400, 9.410, 9.420, 9.430, 9.500, 9.510, 9.700, 9.710, 9.720, 9.900. Adopted 9.380

1-1-19: 257 So.3d 91. Amended 9.800. 1-1-19: 257 So.3d 66. Amended 9.100, 9.110, 9.120, 9.125, 9.130, 9.140, 9.141, 9.142, 9.146, 9.180, 9.200, 9.210, 9.300, 9.320, 9.330, 9.331, 9.350, 9.360, 9.410.

1-1-19: 258 So.3d 1245. Amended 9.146 and 9.210. 1-1-20: 285 So.3d 1246. Amended 9.030. 1-23-20: 289 So.3d 866. Amended 9.130.

Eff. Date Citation Description 3-31-20: 284 So.3d 967. Amended 9.120 and 9.210.

4-1-20: 288 So.3d 1187. Amended 9.130 and 9.200. 7-2-20: 302 So.3d 746. Amended 9.900(f). 1-1-21: 345 So.3d 30. Amended 9.020, 9.030, 9.040, 9.110, 9.130, 9.140, 9.145, 9.146, 9.170, 9.180, 9.200, 9.300, 9.310, 9.320, 9.330, 9.350, 9.360, 9.425, 9.430, 9.440, 9.800, and 9.900.

1-1-21: 307 So.3d 626. Amended 9.120 and 9.210. 1-1-21: 304 So.3d 755. Amended 9.030, 9.140, 9.141, and 9.160. 1-14-21: 310 So.3d 19. Amended 9.142(a). 3-4-21: 313 So.3d 63. Amended 9.147, 9.300, and 9.900(f). 4-8-21: 318 So.3d 1240. Amended 9.410, and 9.420, 10-1-21: 327 So.3d 1200. Amended 9.020. 10-28-21: 344 So.3d 940. Amended 9.010, 9.020, 9.040, 9.045, 9.050, 9.100, 9.140, 9.146, 9.200, 9.420, 9.440, 9.800, and 9.900. 1-6-22: 335 So.3d 86. Adopted 9.143. 4-1-22: 345 So.3d 725. Amended 9.130. 5-5-22: 351 So.3d 574. Amended 9.142. 7-1-22: 345 So.3d 842. Amended 9.141(c). 10-1-22: 346 So.3d 1105. Amended 9.320, 9.700, 9.720, 9.740. 7-1-23: 361 So.3d 246. Amended 9.140, 9.141, 9.142, 9.145, 9.146, 9.310. 7-1-23: 361 So.3d 237. Amended 9.190, 9.400, 9.440. 7-6-23: 367 So.3d 1204. Amended 9.130. 12-14-23: 376 So.3d 2. Amended 9.130. 1-1-24: 369 So.3d 203. Amended 9.030, 9.040, 9.100, 9.110, 9.120, 9.130, 9.160, 9.170, 9.360, 9.430. 1-1-24: 371 So.3d 328. Adopted 9.148, amended 9.210. 1-1-24: 372 So.3d 591. Amended 9.020, 9.147, 9.180, 9.200, 9.320, 9.420, 9.800, 9.900. 1-1-24: 382 So.3d 597. Amended 9.020 and 9.400. 7-1-24: 385 So.3d 592. Amended 9.130. 10-1-24: 392 So.3d 1051. Amended 9.142 and 9.210. 3-27-25: 406 So.3d 937. Amended 9.130. 7-1-25: 405 So.3d 332. Amended 9.110, 9.130, and 9.800. 9-4-25: 418 So.3d 141. Amended 9.510. 4-1-26: 426 So.3d 476. Amended 9.200. 6-1-26: 428 So.3d 85. Amended 9.140. 7-1-26: 434 So.3d 1250. Amended 9.710. 7-1-26: 429 So.3d 438. Amended 9.020, 9.045, 9.200, and 9.420. 9-1-26: 434 So.3d 978. Amended 9.210, 9.310, 9.800, and 9.900. 10-1-26: 2026 WL 2535665. Amended 9.020 and 9.100. NOTE TO USERS: Rules on this webpage are current through 2026 WL 2535665. Subsequent amendments, if any, can be found at

https://www.floridasupremecourt.org/Opinions/Amendments-to-Approved- Rules