Contents and introductory material

FLORIDA RULES OF JUVENILE PROCEDURE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FLORIDA RULES OF JUVENILE PROCEDURE .............................. 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................. 1

CITATIONS TO OPINIONS ADOPTING OR AMENDING RULES ...... 12

PART I. RULES OF GENERAL APPLICATION ........................ 18

RULE 8.000. SCOPE AND PURPOSE ............................................ 18

RULE 8.001. COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ........................... 19

RULE 8.002. DEFINITIONS .......................................................... 19

RULE 8.003. FAMILY LAW COVER SHEET ................................... 20

RULE 8.004. ELECTRONIC FILING .............................................. 20

PART II. DELINQUENCY PROCEEDINGS .............................. 22

A. PRELIMINARY PROCEEDINGS ................................ 22

RULE 8.005. ORDERING CHILDREN INTO CUSTODY .................. 22

RULE 8.010. DETENTION HEARING ............................................ 23

RULE 8.013. DETENTION PETITION AND ORDER ....................... 26

RULE 8.015. ARRAIGNMENT OF DETAINED CHILD ..................... 29

B. PLEADINGS, PROCESS, AND ORDERS .................... 30

RULE 8.025. STYLE OF PLEADINGS AND ORDERS ..................... 30

RULE 8.030. COMMENCEMENT OF FORMAL PROCEEDINGS ..... 30

RULE 8.031. PETITION FOR PARENTAL SANCTIONS ................... 31

RULE 8.035. PETITIONS FOR DELINQUENCY .............................. 31

RULE 8.040. PROCESS ................................................................ 33

RULE 8.041. WITNESS ATTENDANCE AND SUBPOENAS ............. 34

RULE 8.045. NOTICE TO APPEAR ................................................ 35

RULE 8.055. ORDERS ................................................................. 38

C. DISCOVERY ............................................................ 38

RULE 8.060. DISCOVERY ............................................................ 38

RULE 8.065. NOTICE OF DEFENSE OF ALIBI .............................. 51

D. ARRAIGNMENTS AND PLEAS .................................. 52

RULE 8.070. ARRAIGNMENTS ..................................................... 52

RULE 8.075. PLEAS ..................................................................... 53

RULE 8.080. ACCEPTANCE OF GUILTY OR NOLO CONTENDERE

PLEA ...................................................................... 55

E. MOTIONS AND SERVICE OF PLEADINGS ................ 59

RULE 8.085. PREHEARING MOTIONS AND SERVICE .................. 59

RULE 8.090. SPEEDY TRIAL ........................................................ 64

RULE 8.095. PROCEDURE WHEN CHILD BELIEVED TO BE INCOMPETENT OR INSANE ......................................................... 69

F. HEARINGS .............................................................. 83

RULE 8.100. GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR HEARINGS ................. 83

RULE 8.104. TESTIMONY BY CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION OR AUDIO-VIDEO COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ........................ 87

RULE 8.105. WAIVER OF JURISDICTION .................................... 89

RULE 8.110. ADJUDICATORY HEARINGS.................................... 90

RULE 8.115. DISPOSITION HEARING .......................................... 92

RULE 8.120. POST-DISPOSITION HEARING ................................. 94

G. RELIEF FROM ORDERS AND JUDGMENTS ............ 95

RULE 8.130. MOTION FOR REHEARING ...................................... 95

RULE 8.135. CORRECTION OF DISPOSITION OR COMMITMENT

ORDERS ................................................................. 97

RULE 8.140. EXTRAORDINARY RELIEF ....................................... 98

RULE 8.145. SUPERSEDEAS ON APPEAL .................................... 99

H. CONTEMPT ............................................................. 99

RULE 8.150. CONTEMPT ............................................................. 99

I. GENERAL PROVISIONS ......................................... 101

RULE 8.160. TRANSFER OF CASES ........................................... 101

RULE 8.165. PROVIDING COUNSEL TO PARTIES ...................... 103

RULE 8.170. GUARDIAN AD LITEM ........................................... 104

RULE 8.180. COMPUTATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF TIME ..... 104

RULE 8.185. COMMUNITY ARBITRATION .................................. 105

PART III. DEPENDENCY AND TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS PROCEEDINGS ............................................................ 106

A. GENERAL PROVISIONS ......................................... 106

RULE 8.201. COMMENCEMENT OF PROCEEDINGS .................. 106

RULE 8.203. APPLICATION OF UNIFORM CHILD CUSTODY JURISDICTION AND ENFORCEMENT ACT ................................. 107

RULE 8.205. TRANSFER OF CASES ........................................... 107

RULE 8.210. PARTIES AND PARTICIPANTS ................................ 110

RULE 8.215. GUARDIAN AD LITEM ........................................... 111

RULE 8.217. ATTORNEY AD LITEM ........................................... 112

RULE 8.220. STYLE OF PLEADING AND ORDERS ..................... 113

RULE 8.224. PERMANENT MAILING ADDRESS ......................... 113

RULE 8.225. PROCESS, DILIGENT SEARCHES, AND SERVICE OF PLEADINGS AND PAPERS .......................................................... 114

RULE 8.226. DETERMINATION OF PARENTHOOD ..................... 124

RULE 8.230. PLEADINGS TO BE SIGNED .................................. 125

RULE 8.231. PROVIDING COUNSEL TO DEPENDENT CHILDREN

WITH SPECIAL NEEDS WHO HAVE A STATUTORY

RIGHT TO COUNSEL ............................................. 126

RULE 8.235. MOTIONS .............................................................. 127

RULE 8.240. COMPUTATION, CONTINUANCE, EXTENSION, AND

ENLARGEMENT OF TIME ..................................... 128

RULE 8.245. DISCOVERY .......................................................... 131

RULE 8.250. EXAMINATIONS, EVALUATION, AND TREATMENT 144

RULE 8.255. GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR HEARINGS ............... 146

RULE 8.257. GENERAL MAGISTRATES ..................................... 151

RULE 8.260. ORDERS ............................................................... 156

RULE 8.265. MOTION FOR REHEARING .................................... 157

RULE 8.270. RELIEF FROM JUDGMENTS OR ORDERS ............. 158

RULE 8.276. APPEAL PROCEDURES ......................................... 159

RULE 8.285. CRIMINAL CONTEMPT .......................................... 159

RULE 8.286. CIVIL CONTEMPT .................................................. 161

RULE 8.290. DEPENDENCY MEDIATION ................................... 163

RULE 8.292. APPOINTMENT AND DISCHARGE OF SURROGATE

PARENT ................................................................ 169

B. TAKING CHILDREN INTO CUSTODY AND SHELTER

HEARINGS ............................................................ 170

RULE 8.300. TAKING INTO CUSTODY ....................................... 170

RULE 8.305. SHELTER PETITION, HEARING, AND ORDER ........ 171

C. PETITION, ARRAIGNMENT, ADJUDICATION, AND

DISPOSITION ........................................................ 178

RULE 8.310. DEPENDENCY PETITIONS .................................... 178

RULE 8.315. ARRAIGNMENTS AND PREHEARING CONFERENCES

............................................................................. 180

RULE 8.320. PROVIDING COUNSEL TO PARTIES ...................... 182

RULE 8.325. ANSWERS AND PLEADINGS .................................. 183

RULE 8.330. ADJUDICATORY HEARINGS.................................. 183

RULE 8.332. ORDER FINDING DEPENDENCY ........................... 185

RULE 8.335. ALTERNATIVES PENDING DISPOSITION ............... 187

RULE 8.340. DISPOSITION HEARINGS ...................................... 188

RULE 8.345. POST-DISPOSITION RELIEF .................................. 189

RULE 8.347. MOTION TO SUPPLEMENT ORDER OF

ADJUDICATION, DISPOSITION ORDER, AND CASE

PLAN ..................................................................... 194

RULE 8.350. PLACEMENT OF CHILD INTO RESIDENTIAL

TREATMENT PROGRAM ........................................ 200

RULE 8.355. ADMINISTRATION OF PSYCHOTROPIC MEDICATION

TO A CHILD IN SHELTER CARE OR IN FOSTER

CARE WHEN PARENTAL CONSENT HAS NOT BEEN

OBTAINED ............................................................ 204

D. CASE PLANS ......................................................... 208

RULE 8.400. CASE PLAN DEVELOPMENT ................................. 208

RULE 8.401. CASE PLAN DEVELOPMENT FOR YOUNG ADULTS

............................................................................. 211

RULE 8.410. APPROVAL OF CASE PLANS .................................. 212

RULE 8.415. JUDICIAL REVIEW OF DEPENDENCY CASES ....... 214

RULE 8.420. CASE PLAN AMENDMENTS ................................... 221

RULE 8.425. PERMANENCY HEARINGS .................................... 222

RULE 8.430. MODIFICATION OF PERMANENCY ORDER ........... 227

RULE 8.435. REINSTATEMENT OF JURISDICTION FOR YOUNG

ADULT .................................................................. 228

RULE 8.445. PETITION FOR ADJUDICATION AND PERMANENT COMMITMENT ........................................................................... 229

E. TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS .................. 234

RULE 8.500. PETITION .............................................................. 234

RULE 8.505. PROCESS AND SERVICE ...................................... 236

RULE 8.510. ADVISORY HEARING AND PRETRIAL STATUS CONFERENCES ......................................................................... 238

RULE 8.515. PROVIDING COUNSEL TO PARTIES ...................... 240

RULE 8.517. WITHDRAWAL AND APPOINTMENT OF ATTORNEY

241

RULE 8.520. ANSWERS AND RESPONSIVE PLEADINGS ............ 244

RULE 8.525. ADJUDICATORY HEARINGS.................................. 245

RULE 8.530. PARENT’S MOTION CLAIMING INEFFECTIVE

ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL FOLLOWING ORDER

TERMINATING PARENTAL RIGHTS ....................... 248

RULE 8.535. POSTDISPOSITION HEARINGS .............................. 253

RULE 8.540. MOTION TO REINSTATE PARENTAL RIGHTS ........ 255

PART IV. PROCEEDINGS FOR FAMILIES AND CHILDREN IN NEED OF SERVICES ................................................................. 257

RULE 8.601. COMMENCEMENT OF PROCEEDINGS .................. 257

RULE 8.603. APPLICATION OF UNIFORM CHILD CUSTODY JURISDICTION AND ENFORCEMENT ACT ................................. 257

RULE 8.605. TRANSFER OF CASES ........................................... 257

RULE 8.610. PARTIES ............................................................... 258

RULE 8.615. PROVIDING COUNSEL TO PARTIES ...................... 258

RULE 8.617. GUARDIAN AD LITEM ........................................... 259

RULE 8.620. STYLE OF PLEADINGS AND ORDERS ................... 260

RULE 8.625. GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR HEARINGS ............... 260

RULE 8.630. COMPUTATION AND ENLARGEMENT OF TIME ..... 261

RULE 8.635. PROCESS .............................................................. 262

RULE 8.640. PLEADINGS TO BE SIGNED .................................. 267

RULE 8.645. ORDERS ............................................................... 268

RULE 8.650. TAKING INTO CUSTODY ....................................... 268

RULE 8.655. SHELTER PETITION, HEARING, AND ORDER ........ 269

RULE 8.660. PETITIONS ............................................................ 271

RULE 8.665. ANSWERS, ARRAIGNMENTS, AND PREHEARING CONFERENCES ......................................................................... 272

RULE 8.670. MOTIONS .............................................................. 273

RULE 8.675. EXAMINATIONS, EVALUATION, AND TREATMENT 274

RULE 8.680. DISCOVERY .......................................................... 274

RULE 8.685. ADJUDICATORY HEARINGS.................................. 274

RULE 8.690. DISPOSITION HEARINGS ...................................... 275

RULE 8.695. POSTDISPOSITION RELIEF ................................... 276

PART V. OTHER PROCEEDINGS ......................................... 277

A. GUARDIAN ADVOCATES FOR DRUG-DEPENDENT

NEWBORNS .......................................................... 277

RULE 8.705. COMMENCEMENT OF PROCEEDINGS .................. 277

RULE 8.710. PARTIES ............................................................... 277

RULE 8.715. GUARDIAN AD LITEM ........................................... 278

RULE 8.720. PROCESS AND SERVICE ...................................... 278

RULE 8.725. PETITION .............................................................. 278

RULE 8.730. HEARING .............................................................. 279

RULE 8.735. REVIEW AND REMOVAL ....................................... 279

B. JUDICIAL WAIVER OF PARENTAL NOTICE OF TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY ................................................. 280

RULE 8.800. APPLICABILITY ..................................................... 280

RULE 8.805. COMMENCEMENT OF PROCEEDINGS .................. 280

RULE 8.810. PETITION .............................................................. 281

RULE 8.815. COUNSEL ............................................................. 282

RULE 8.820. HEARING .............................................................. 282

RULE 8.825. ORDER AND JUDGMENT ...................................... 283

RULE 8.830. TRANSCRIPTS ....................................................... 283

RULE 8.835. CONFIDENTIALITY OF RECORDS ......................... 284

RULE 8.840. REMAND OF PROCEEDINGS ................................ 284

C. TRUANCY PROCEEDINGS ..................................... 284

RULE 8.850. APPLICABILITY ..................................................... 284

RULE 8.855. COMMENCEMENT OF PROCEEDINGS .................. 284

RULE 8.860. PETITION .............................................................. 285

RULE 8.865. HEARINGS ............................................................ 285

RULE 8.870. ORDER ................................................................. 286

PART VI. FORMS FOR USE WITH RULES OF JUVENILE PROCEDURE ............................................................................. 287

A. GENERAL FORMS ................................................. 288

FORM 8.901. CAPTION OF PLEADINGS AND ORDERS ............... 288

FORM 8.902. VERIFICATION ...................................................... 288

FORM 8.903. CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE ................................... 288

FORM 8.904. AFFIDAVIT FOR ORDER TO TAKE INTO CUSTODY

289

FORM 8.905. ORDER TO TAKE INTO CUSTODY ......................... 290

FORM 8.906. RELEASE ORDER ................................................. 291

FORM 8.907. TRANSFER ORDER ............................................... 292

FORM 8.908. SUMMONS ............................................................ 293

FORM 8.909. PLAN FOR TREATMENT, TRAINING, OR CONDUCT

............................................................................. 294

FORM 8.911. UNIFORM CHILD CUSTODY JURISDICTION AND ENFORCEMENT ACT AFFIDAVIT ............................................... 296

FORM 8.912. PETITION TO SHOW CAUSE .................................. 297

FORM 8.913. ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE ..................................... 297

B. DELINQUENCY FORMS ......................................... 298

FORM 8.929. DETENTION ORDER ............................................. 298

FORM 8.930. JUVENILE NOTICE TO APPEAR ............................. 301

FORM 8.931. DELINQUENCY PETITION ..................................... 303

FORM 8.932. APPLICATION FOR COUNSEL AND ORDER ........... 304

FORM 8.933. WAIVER OF COUNSEL .......................................... 305

FORM 8.934. ORDER TO DETERMINE MENTAL CONDITION ...... 307

FORM 8.935. ORDER OF INCOMPETENCY ................................. 308

FORM 8.936. ORDER OF COMPETENCY .................................... 308

FORM 8.937. DEMAND FOR VOLUNTARY WAIVER .................... 309

FORM 8.938. ORDER OF VOLUNTARY WAIVER ......................... 309

FORM 8.939. MOTION FOR INVOLUNTARY WAIVER .................. 310

FORM 8.940. MOTION TO COMPILE REPORT ............................. 311

FORM 8.941. ORDER TO COMPILE REPORT .............................. 312

FORM 8.942. ORDER OF INVOLUNTARY WAIVER ...................... 313

FORM 8.947. DISPOSITION ORDER — DELINQUENCY ............... 315

FORM 8.948. PETITION FOR REVOCATION OF JUVENILE

PROBATION .......................................................... 324

FORM 8.949. ORDER FOR HIV TESTING .................................... 325

FORM 8.950. RESTITUTION ORDER ........................................... 326

FORM 8.951. MOTION FOR JUVENILE SEXUAL OFFENDER

PLACEMENT ......................................................... 328

FORM 8.952. FINDINGS FOR JUVENILE SEXUAL OFFENDER REGISTRATION ......................................................................... 329

FORM 8.953. WAIVER OF RIGHTS ............................................. 331

C. DEPENDENCY FORMS .......................................... 336

FORM 8.958. ORDER APPOINTING SURROGATE PARENT .......... 336

FORM 8.959. SUMMONS FOR DEPENDENCY ARRAIGNMENT .... 339

FORM 8.960 SHELTER PETITION .............................................. 343

FORM 8.961. SHELTER ORDER ................................................. 347

FORM 8.961(A). ORDER AUTHORIZING ACCESS TO CHILD’S MEDICAL AND EDUCATIONAL RECORDS ................................. 354

FORM 8.964. DEPENDENCY PETITION ....................................... 356

FORM 8.965. ARRAIGNMENT ORDER ........................................ 360

FORM 8.966. ADJUDICATION ORDER — DEPENDENCY ............ 364

FORM 8.967. ORDER OF DISPOSITION, ACCEPTANCE OF CASE PLAN, AND NOTICE OF HEARING .............................................. 369

FORM 8.968. AFFIDAVIT OF DILIGENT SEARCH ........................ 376

FORM 8.969. SWORN STATEMENT REGARDING IDENTITY OR LOCATION OF FATHER ............................................................. 378

FORM 8.970. ORDER ON JUDICIAL REVIEW ............................. 382

FORM 8.973A. ORDER ON JUDICIAL REVIEW FOR CHILD AGE

16 ........................................................................ 389

FORM 8.973B. ORDER ON JUDICIAL REVIEW FOR CHILD AGE

17 OR OLDER ....................................................... 397

FORM 8.973C. ORDER ON JUDICIAL REVIEW ......................... 406

FORM 8.973D. ORDER ON JUDICIAL REVIEW FOR YOUNG ADULTS IN EXTENDED FOSTER CARE ..................................... 414

FORM 8.975. DEPENDENCY ORDER WITHHOLDING ADJUDICATION ......................................................................... 419

FORM 8.976. PROPOSED RELATIVE PLACEMENT...................... 423

FORM 8.977. ORDER AUTHORIZING CHILD TO ENTER INTO RESIDENTIAL LEASEHOLD AND SECURE UTILITY SERVICES BEFORE THE CHILD’S 18TH BIRTHDAY .................................... 426

FORM 8.978. ORDER AUTHORIZING CHILD TO SECURE

DEPOSITORY FINANCIAL SERVICES BEFORE

THE CHILD’S 18TH BIRTHDAY .............................. 427

FORM 8.978(A). ORDER CONCERNING YOUTH’S ELIGIBILITY FOR FLORIDA’S TUITION AND FEE EXEMPTION. ...................... 428

D. TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS FORMS ..... 428

FORM 8.979. SUMMONS FOR ADVISORY HEARING ................... 428

FORM 8.980. PETITION FOR TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS BASED ON VOLUNTARY RELINQUISHMENT ............................. 432

FORM 8.981. PETITION FOR INVOLUNTARY TERMINATION OF PARENTAL RIGHTS.................................................................... 434

FORM 8.982 NOTICE OF ACTION FOR ADVISORY HEARING ..... 437

FORM 8.983. ORDER INVOLUNTARILY TERMINATING PARENTAL

RIGHTS ................................................................. 440

FORM 8.9831. MOTION CLAIMING INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE

OF COUNSEL AFTER ORDER TERMINATING

PARENTAL RIGHTS ............................................... 445

FORM 8.9832. ORDER ON MOTION CLAIMING INEFFECTIVE

ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL AFTER ORDER

TERMINATING PARENTAL RIGHTS ....................... 447

FORM 8.984. ORDER TERMINATING PARENTAL RIGHTS

(VOLUNTARY) ........................................................ 450

FORM 8.985. MOTION TO TERMINATE SUPERVISION AND

JURISDICTION ...................................................... 456

FORM 8.986. ORDER TERMINATING SUPERVISION AND

JURISDICTION ...................................................... 456

E. JUDICIAL WAIVER OF PARENTAL NOTICE OF

TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY FORMS ............... 457

FORM 8.987. PETITION FOR JUDICIAL WAIVER OF PARENTAL

NOTICE AND CONSENT OR CONSENT ONLY TO

TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY ............................ 457

FORM 8.988. SWORN STATEMENT OF TRUE NAME AND

PSEUDONYM ........................................................ 459

FORM 8.989. ADVISORY NOTICE TO MINOR .............................. 461

FORM 8.990. FINAL ORDER GRANTING PETITION FOR JUDICIAL

WAIVER OF PARENTAL NOTICE AND CONSENT OR

CONSENT ONLY TO TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY

............................................................................. 463

FORM 8.991. FINAL ORDER DISMISSING PETITION FOR JUDICIAL

WAIVER OF PARENTAL NOTICE AND CONSENT OR

CONSENT ONLY TO TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY

............................................................................. 465

FORM 8.992. MINOR’S PETITION TO CHIEF JUDGE TO REQUIRE A

HEARING ON HER PETITION FOR JUDICIAL WAIVER

OF NOTICE AND CONSENT OR CONSENT ONLY .. 468

CITATIONS TO OPINIONS ADOPTING OR AMENDING RULES

ORIGINAL ADOPTION, effective 7-1-77: 345 So.2d 655.

OTHER OPINIONS CITATION RESULT OF OPINION Eff. 7-1-79: 372 So.2d 449. Deleted 8.020. Eff. 1-1-81: 393 So.2d 1077. Amended 8.010–8.050, 8.070, 8.100–8.150, 8.170–8.260, 8.280– 8.300, 8.320–8.340; deleted 8.160, 8.310; replaced 8.923– 8.924; added 8.925–8.931. Eff. 9-1-82: 418 So.2d 1004. Amended 8.170, 8.300. Eff. 1-1-85: 462 So.2d 399. Four-year-cycle revision; divided rules into two parts. Amended 8.030–8.050, 8.070, 8.110–8.130, 8.150, 8.180–8.240, 8.280–8.300; deleted 8.060, 8.340; added 8.160, 8.500–8.870; replaced 8.250, 8.260. Eff. 9-19-85: 475 So.2d 1240. Amended 8.040. Eff. 1-1-89: 530 So.2d 920. Four-year-cycle revision; all committee notes before 1984 deleted. Amended 8.050–8.190, 8.260, 8.320, 8.530, 8.710, 8.720; deleted 8.160, 8.310, 8.909, 8.914; replaced 8.923–8.924. Eff. 1-1-89: 532 So.2d 1272. Amended 8.180. Eff. 10-1-89: 549 So.2d 663. Added Part III, 8.880–8.887. Eff. 3-1-90: 557 So.2d 1360. Amended 8.610, 8.630, 8.710, 8.800. Eff. 7-1-91: 589 So.2d 818. Reorganized and renumbered rules. Amended 8.000–8.013, 8.025–8.040, 8.060–8.065, 8.075, 8.085–8.130, 8.140, 8.150–8.180, 8.200–8.275, 8.285, 8.300–8.320, 8.330–8.400, 8.415, 8.700–8.710, 8.720–8.725, 8.735, 8.904–8.909, 8.931–8.932, 8.948, 8.965, 8.980; deleted 8.915–8.931; added 8.015, 8.045, 8.070, 8.080, 8.325, 8.405– 8.410, 8.500–8.530, 8.600–8.695, 8.902–8.903, 8.911–8.913, 8.930, 8.937–8.947, 8.960–8.964, 8.966– 8.967, 8.981–8.984.

OTHER OPINIONS CITATION RESULT OF OPINION Eff. 1-1-93: 608 So.2d 478. Amended 8.045, 8.060, 8.085, 8.160, 8.205–8.210, 8.225, 8.235, 8.325, 8.340, 8.515, 8.640, 8.982; added 8.104, 8.185; deleted 8.175, 8.200, 8.280, 8.600, 8.700. Eff. 12-22-94: 648 So.2d 115. Amended 8.090, 8.415; added 8.227. Eff. 1-26-95: 649 So.2d 1370. Amended 8.090–8.104, 8.120, 8.245, 8.947, 8.961; added 8.949– 8.950. Eff. 9-28-95: 661 So.2d 800. Amended 8.210, 8.400–8.410, 8.500–8.505, 8.520, 8.530. Eff. 10-1-96: 681 So.2d 666. Amended 8.060. Eff. 10-31-96: 684 So.2d 756. Amended 8.095. Eff. 1-1-97: 684 So.2d 756. Four-year-cycle revision. Amended 8.013, 8.035, 8.075, 8.085, 8.105, 8.115–8.120, 8.215, 8.225, 8.265, 8.305, 8.315, 8.405–8.410, 8.510, 8.525, 8.610, 8.617, 8.625, 8.635, 8.909, 8.940–8.942, 8.946–8.947, 8.950, 8.961, 8.964–8.967, 8.982; added 8.535, 8.951, 8.968–8.969. Eff. 7-10-97: 696 So.2d 763. Added 8.290. Eff. 10-1-98: 725 So.2d 296. Amended 8.000, 8.201, 8.210– 8.215, 8.225, 8.240–8.255, 8.290, 8.305–8.330, 8.340–8.345, 8.400– 8.415, 8.500–8.525, 8.535, 8.960– 8.964, 8.966–8.967, 8.969, 8.980– 8.981, 8.983–8.984; added 8.959, 8.965, 8.970–8.972, 8.979, 8.985– 8.986; deleted 8.405, 8.530, 8.967, 8.982. Eff. 12-3-98: 724 So.2d 1153. Amended 8.060. Eff. 4-29-99: 753 So.2d 541. Amended 8.100. Eff. 7-1-99: 753 So.2d 1214. Amended 8.210, 8.225, 8.235, 8.275, 8.305–8.310, 8.320–8.330, 8.345, 8.400–8.415, 8.500–8.510, 8.525. Eff. 1-1-01: 783 So.2d 138. Four-year-cycle revision. Amended 8.013–8.015, 8.030, 8.040, 8.060, 8.070, 8.085, 8.095, 8.115–8.120, 8.185, 8.205–8.215, 8.225–8.260, 8.290–8.320, 8.330, 8.340–8.510, 8.520, 8.610, 8.625, 8.635, 8.655, 8.690–8.695, 8.710, 8.902–8.903,

OTHER OPINIONS CITATION RESULT OF OPINION 8.905–8.909, 8.913–8.930, 8.932– 8.936, 8.938, 8.940–8.942, 8.947– 8.951, 8.959–8.961, 8.964–8.966; added 8.031, 8.041, 8.224; deleted 8.227, committee note to Part III, 8.946. Eff. 1-1-01: 789 So.2d 951. Amended 8.330, 8.525. Eff. 3-1-01: 796 So.2d 468. Amended 8.305, 8.400, 8.505; added 8.217. Eff. 1-15-02: 816 So.2d 536. Amended 8.135, 8.510. Eff. 1-1-03: 827 So.2d 219. Two-year cycle revision. Amended 8.030–8.031, 8.085, 8.110, 8.185, 8.201, 8.210, 8.225, 8.245, 8.255, 8.265, 8.345, 8.525, 8.635, 8.959– 8.960, 8.967, 8.979; added 8.929; deleted 8.275. Eff. 3-6-03: 842 So.2d 763. Added 8.350. Eff. 10-1-04: 887 So.2d 1090. Amended 8.060, 8.625. Eff. 1-27-05: 894 So.2d 875. Two-year cycle revision. Amended 8.165, 8.203, 8.240–8.245, 8.255, 8.290–8.305, 8.315, 8.325, 8.400– 8.415, 8.500–8.515, 8.525, 8.535, 8.603, 8.908, 8.911, 8.959–8.960, 8.979; added 8.257. Eff. 3-3-05: 898 So.2d 47. Amended 8.041, 8.225, 8.415, 8.929, 8.947. Eff. 6-30-05: 907 So.2d 1161. Added 8.800–8.835, 8.987–8.991. Eff. 11-17-05: 915 So.2d 592. Amended 8.010, 8.013, 8.415, 8.929, 8.947, 8.970; added 8.355, 8.973, 8.974. Eff. 1-1-06: 915 So.2d 145. Amended 8.290. Eff. 7-6-06: 934 So.2d 438. Amended 8.805, 8.820, 8.987, 8.991; added 8.992. Eff. 1-1-07: 939 So.2d 74. Three-year cycle revision. Amended 8.045, 8.090, 8.135, 8.210, 8.257, 8.350, 8.515, 8.535, 8.911, 8.930, 8.964, 8.966, 8.980– 8.983; added 8.975. Eff. 2-8-07: 951 So.2d 804. Amended 8.240, 8.250, 8.257, 8.305, 8.330, 8.400–8.415, 8.929, 8.947, 8.950–8.951, 8.961, 8.966, 8.970; added 8.420–8.430, 8.976– 8.977. Eff. 6-21-07: 959 So.2d 250. Amended 8.075, 8.115. Eff. 7-12-07: 960 So.2d 764. Added 8.978.

OTHER OPINIONS CITATION RESULT OF OPINION Eff. 6-26-08: 985 So.2d 534. Amended 8.100. Eff. 7-1-08: 981 So.2d 463. Amended 8.165. Eff. 9-25-08: 992 So.2d 242. Amended 8.225, 8.962–8.963, 8.968, 8.977. Eff. 3-19-09: 5 So.3d 665. Amended 8.225. Eff. 10-1-09: 22 So.3d 9. Amended 8.305, 8.961; added 8.292, 8.958, 8.961(a). Eff. 11-12-09: 24 So.3d 47. Amended 8.330, 8.525, 8.983, 8.984; added 8.276, 8.332. Effective 1-1-10: 26 So.3d 552. Amended 8.010, 8.070, 8.080, 8.100, 8.115, 8.130, 8.235, 8.257, 8.265, 8.310, 8.400–8.410, 8.505; added 8.978(a), 8.982. Eff. 6-24-10: 41 So.3d 888. Added 8.003. Eff. 1-1-11: 48 So.3d 809. Amended 8.010. Eff. 10-20-11: 75 So.3d 216. Amended 8.820, 8.825, 8.947, 8.987, 8.990, 8.992; adopted 8.840. Eff. 6-1-12: 88 So.3d 142. Amended 8.255 Eff. 9-1-12: 102 So.3d 505. Amended 8.085, 8.225, 8.635, and 8.903. Eff. 10-1-12: 95 So3d 96. Amended 8.085, 8.180, 8.240, 8.630. Eff. 10-11-12: 101 So.3d 368. Amended 8.201, 8.425, 8.500, 8.510, 8.980. Eff. 10-1-13: 102 So.3d 451. Amended 8.000, 8.003, 8.205, 8.217, 8.230, 8.690, adopted 8.004, re-numbered parts within rules. Eff. 1-1-13: 101 So.3d 368. Amended 8.415. Eff. 7-1-13: 115 So.3d 286. Amended 8.035, 8.070, 8.075, 8.080, 8.115, 8.201, 8.225, 8.260, 8.285, 8.340, 8.345, 8.350, 8.908, 8.929, 8.947, 8.959, 8.960, 8.961, 8.963, 8.964, 8.965, 8.966, 8.967, 8.970, 8.973, 8.975, 8.979, 8.982, adopted 8.226, 8.286, 8.347, 8.517, 8.952. Eff. 10-3-13: 123 So.3d 1139. Amended 8.085, 8.225, 8.635. Eff. 10-3-13: 123 So.3d 1128. Amended 8.060, 8.095, 8.135, 8.255, 8.345, 8.425, 8.947. Eff. 3-20-14: 136 So.3d 508. Adopted 8.401, 8.435, amended 8.415, 8.973, deleted 8.971, 8.972. Eff. 10-1-14: 141 So.3d 1172. Amended 8.290.

OTHER OPINIONS CITATION RESULT OF OPINION Eff. 2-19-15: 158 So.3d 523. See corrected opinion effective 1- 21-16. Eff. 1-1-16: 175 So.3d 263. Three-year cycle revision. Amended 8.075, 8.165, 8.315, 8.332, 8.345; created subpart V.C.; adopted 8.850, 8.855, 8.860, 8.865, 8.870; deleted 8.962, 8.963. Eff. 1-21-16: 191 So.3d 257. Amended 8.305, 8.310, 8.350, 8.355, 8.415, 8.960, 8.961, 8.970, 8.973A, 8.973B; adopted 8.231. Eff. 2-11-16: 184 So.3d 1116. Amended 8.150. Eff. 3-23-17: 213 So. 3d 803. Amended 8.510, 8.517, 8.525,8.983,8.984; adopted 8.530, 8.9831, 8.9832. Eff. 1-1-19: 258 So.3d 1254. Amended Rule 8.005, Rule 8.045, 8.060, 8.085, 8.090, 8.100, 8.110, 8.255, 8.257, 8.320, 8.425, and 8.8.435. Amended Forms 8.947, 8.93, 8.964, 8.965, 8.974, and 8.991. Eff. 11-27-19: 286 So.3d 82. Amended Rules 8.240, 8.332, 8.350, 8.355, 8.400, 8.415, 8.430, 8.525, 8.961, 8.965, 8.966, 8.970, 8.973A, 8.973B, 8.973C, 8.975, 8.983, and 8.984.

Eff. 3-04-21: 302 So.3d 746. Amended Rules 8.805, 8.810, 8.820, 8.835, Form 8.987, Form 8.988, Form 8.990, Form 8.991, Form 8.992 Eff. 5-1-21: 317 So. 3d 1090 Amended 8.290. Eff. 10-28-21: 344 So. 3d 940. Amended Rule 8.004, 8.085, 8.180, 8.240, 8.257, and 8.630. Eff. 1-1-22: 345 So. 3d 255. Amended 8.201, 8.203, 8.205, 8.2177, 8.224, 8.226, 8.231, 8.235, 8.240, 8.257, 8.260, 8.265, 8.285, 8.286, 8.290 and 3.332. Eff. 1-1-22: 334 So. 3d 572. Amended 8.933. Eff. 1-1-22: 344 So. 3d 1249. Amended 8.095. Eff. 2-3-22: 345 So. 3d 729. Amended Rule 8.217, Rule 8.305, 8.345, 8.415. Adopted new Rule 8.540 and Form 8.973A. Eff. 7-14-22: 346 So. 3d 1102. Amended 8.115.

OTHER OPINIONS CITATION RESULT OF OPINION Eff. 10-1-22: 356 So.3d 685. Adopted 8.001 and 8.002. Amended 8.010, 8.015, 8.040, 8.045, 8.100, 8.104, 8.150, 8.225, 8.255, 8.287, 8.285, 8.290, 8.3054, 8.315, 8.330, 8.340, 8.347, 8.350, 8.505, 8.510, and 8.525. Eff. 10-1-22: 346 So.3d 1164. Amended 8.060. Eff. 10-24-22: 375 So.3d 219. Applied style changes according to the updated style guide. Eff. 1-5-23: 355 So.3d 893. Amended 8.013 and 8.350. Eff. 7-1-23: 361 So.3d 275. Amended 8.245, 8.250, and Form 8.961. Eff. 7-1-23: 361 So.3d 310 Amended 8.060, 8.104, 8.245, and 8.255. Eff. 7-1-23: 361 So.3d 805 Amended 8.013. Eff. 12-7-23: 375 So.3d 219. Amended 8.224, 8.225, 8.255, 8.305, 8.330, 8.347, 8.505, 8.510, 8.525, Form 8.959, Form 8.979, and Form 8.982. Eff. 5-30-24: 386 So.3d 527. Amended forms 8.959, 8.979, and 8.982. Eff. 9-12-24: 393 So.3d 612. Amended 8.210, 8.215, 8.217, 8.240, 8.305, 8.345, 8.347, 8.350, 8.415, 8.425, 8.505, 8.535; adopted 8.445. Eff. 1-1-25: 395 So.3d 131. Amended 8.240, 8.315, and 8.510. Eff. 1-1-25: 393 So.3d 573. Amended 8.245. Eff. 1-1-25: 392-So.3d 789. Amended 8.265. Eff. 2-13-25: 402 So.3d 985. Amended 8.013, 8.929, and 8.947 Eff. 4-1-25: 404 So.3d 306. Amended 8.959, 8.979, and 8.982 Eff. 10-1-25: 412 So.3d 21. Amended 8.245. Eff. 1-1-26:

Eff. 10-1-26

420 So.3d 478.

SC2025-1362

Amended 8.040, 8.060, 8.085, 8.105, 8.110, 8.145, and 8.225. Amended 8.203 and 8.330