Virginia — Title 8.01 · Chapter 3

• § 8.01-25 — Survival of causes of action
• § 8.01-26 — Assignment of causes of action
• § 8.01-27 — Civil action on note or writing promising to pay money
• § 8.01-27.1 — Additional recovery in certain civil actions concerning checks or rejected electronic funds transfers
• § 8.01-27.2 — Civil recovery for giving bad check
• § 8.01-27.3 — Evidence in actions regarding issuance of bad check
• § 8.01-27.4 — Civil recovery for professional services
• § 8.01-27.5 — Duty of in-network providers to submit claims to health insurers; liability of covered patients for unbilled health care services
• § 8.01-28 — When judgment to be given in action upon contract or note unless defendant appears and denies claim under oath
• § 8.01-29 — Procedure in actions on annuity and installment bonds, and other actions for penalties for nonperformance
• § 8.01-30 — Procedure in actions on contracts made by several persons
• § 8.01-31 — Accounting in equity
• § 8.01-32 — Action on lost evidences of debt
• § 8.01-33 — Equitable relief in certain cases
• § 8.01-34 — When contribution among wrongdoers enforced
• § 8.01-35 — Damages for loss of income not diminished by reimbursement
• § 8.01-35.1 — Effect of release or covenant not to sue in respect to liability and contribution
• § 8.01-36 — Joinder of action of tort to infant with action for recovery of expenses incurred thereby and claim for recovery of expenses by infant
• § 8.01-37 — Recovery of lost wages in action for injuries to emancipated infant
• § 8.01-37.1 — Claims for medical services provided by United States; proof of reasonable value
• § 8.01-38 — Tort liability of hospitals
• § 8.01-38.1 — Limitation on recovery of punitive damages
• § 8.01-39 — Completion or acceptance of work not bar to action against independent contractor for personal injury, wrongful death or damage to property
• § 8.01-40 — Unauthorized use of name or picture of any person; punitive damages; statute of limitations
• § 8.01-40.1 — Action for injury resulting from violation of Computer Crimes Act; limitations
• § 8.01-40.2 — Unsolicited transmission of advertising materials by facsimile machine
• § 8.01-40.3 — Unauthorized dissemination, etc., of criminal history record information; civil action
• § 8.01-40.4 — Civil action for unlawful creation of image of another or unlawful dissemination or sale of images of another
• § 8.01-40.5 — Publishing or distributing material harmful to minors on the Internet
• § 8.01-41 — Wrongful distraint, attachment
• § 8.01-42 — Loss or injury to clothing in dyeing, dry cleaning, or laundering
• § 8.01-42.1 — Civil action for racial, religious, or ethnic harassment, violence or vandalism
• § 8.01-42.2 — Liability of guest for hotel damage
• § 8.01-42.3 — Civil action for stalking
• § 8.01-42.4 — Civil action for trafficking in persons
• § 8.01-42.5 — Civil action for female genital mutilation
• § 8.01-42.6 — Liability of employer for personal injury or death by wrongful act
• § 8.01-43 — Action against parent for damage to public property by minor
• § 8.01-44 — Action against parent for damage to private property by minor
• § 8.01-44.1 — Immunity from civil liability of members of certain committees, etc
• § 8.01-44.2 — Action against physician for vaccine-related injury or death
• § 8.01-44.3 — Divulgence of communications by qualified interpreters and communications assistants
• § 8.01-44.4 — Action for shoplifting and employee theft
• § 8.01-44.5 — Punitive damages for persons injured by intoxicated drivers
• § 8.01-44.5:1 — Punitive damages; hit and run drivers
• § 8.01-44.6 — Action for injury to cemetery property
• § 8.01-44.7 — Action for tampering with metering device and diverting service
• § 8.01-45 — Action for insulting words
• § 8.01-46 — Justification and mitigation of damages
• § 8.01-46.1 — Disclosure of employment-related information; presumptions; causes of action; definitions
• § 8.01-46.2 — Civil action for dissemination of intimate images to another; penalty
• § 8.01-47 — Immunity of persons investigating or reporting certain incidents at schools
• § 8.01-48 — Mitigation in actions against newspapers, etc
• § 8.01-49 — Defamatory statements in radio and television broadcasts
• § 8.01-49.1 — Liability for defamatory material on the Internet
• § 8.01-50 — Action for death by wrongful act; how and when to be brought
• § 8.01-50.1 — Certification of expert witness opinion at time of service of process
• § 8.01-51 — No action when deceased has compromised claim
• § 8.01-52 — Amount of damages
• § 8.01-52.1 — Admissibility of expressions of sympathy
• § 8.01-53 — Class and beneficiaries; when determined
• § 8.01-54 — Judgment to distribute recovery when verdict fails to do so
• § 8.01-55 — Compromise of claim for death by wrongful act
• § 8.01-56 — When right of action not to determine nor action to abate
• § 8.01-57 — Liability of railroads for injury to certain employees
• § 8.01-58 — Contributory negligence no bar to recovery; violation of safety appliance acts
• § 8.01-59 — Assumption of risk; violation of safety appliance acts
• § 8.01-60 — Contracts exempting from liability void; set-off of insurance
• § 8.01-61 — Definition of "common carrier" as used in article
• § 8.01-62 — Action may embrace liability under both State and federal acts
• § 8.01-63 — Liability for death or injury to guest in motor vehicle
• § 8.01-64 — Liability for negligence of minor
• § 8.01-65 — Defense of lack of consent of owner
• § 8.01-66 — Recovery of damages for loss of use of vehicle
• § 8.01-66.1 — Remedy for arbitrary refusal of motor vehicle insurance claim
• § 8.01-66.1:1 — Subrogation claims by underinsured motorist benefits insurer
• § 8.01-66.2 — Lien against person whose negligence causes injury
• § 8.01-66.3 — Lien inferior to claim of attorney or personal representative
• § 8.01-66.4 — Subrogation
• § 8.01-66.5 — Written notice required
• § 8.01-66.6 — Liability for reasonable charges for services
• § 8.01-66.7 — Hearing and disposal of claim of unreasonableness
• § 8.01-66.8 — Petition to enforce lien
• § 8.01-66.9 — Lien in favor of Commonwealth, its programs, institutions, or departments on claim for personal injuries
• § 8.01-66.9:1 — Lien against recovery for medical treatment provided to prisoner
• § 8.01-66.9:2 — Lien in favor of the Department of Medical Assistance Services on claim for personal injuries
• § 8.01-66.10 — Death claims settled by compromise or suit
• § 8.01-66.11 — Necessity for settlement or judgment
• § 8.01-66.12 — Term physician to include chiropractor
• § 8.01-67 — Definitions; persons under a disability; fiduciary
• § 8.01-68 — Jurisdiction
• § 8.01-69 — Commencement of suit; parties
• § 8.01-72 — When death to abate such suit
• § 8.01-73 — Guardian ad litem to be appointed
• § 8.01-74 — Leases on behalf of persons under disability; new leases
• § 8.01-75 — Who not to be purchaser
• § 8.01-76 — How proceeds from disposition to be secured and applied; when same may be paid over
• § 8.01-77 — What proceeds of sale to pass as real estate
• § 8.01-78 — Alternate procedure for sale of real estate of person under disability
• § 8.01-79 — Same; reference of petition to commissioner
• § 8.01-80 — Same; action of court on report; application of proceeds of transaction
• § 8.01-81 — Who may compel partition of land; jurisdiction; validation of certain partitions of mineral rights; when shares of two or more laid off together
• § 8.01-81.1 — Determination of value
• § 8.01-83 — Allotment to one or more parties, or sale, in lieu of partition
• § 8.01-83.1 — Open-market sale, sealed bids, or auction
• § 8.01-83.2 — Notice by posting
• § 8.01-83.3 — Commissioners
• § 8.01-84 — Application of proceeds of sale to payment of lien
• § 8.01-85 — Disposition of share in proceeds of person under disability
• § 8.01-87 — Validation of certain partitions prior to act of 1922
• § 8.01-88 — Decree of partition to vest legal title
• § 8.01-89 — When proceeds of sale deemed personal estate
• § 8.01-90 — When name or share of parties unknown
• § 8.01-91 — Effect of partition or sale on lessee's rights
• § 8.01-92 — Allowance of attorney fees out of unrepresented shares
• § 8.01-93 — Partition of goods, etc., by sale, if necessary
• § 8.01-94 — When sold, leased or exchanged
• § 8.01-95 — Procedure in such case
• § 8.01-96 — Decree for sale; how made; bond of commissioner
• § 8.01-97 — Delinquent taxes to be ascertained
• § 8.01-98 — Sales of land when purchase price insufficient to pay taxes, etc
• § 8.01-99 — Bond required of special commissioner for sale
• § 8.01-100 — Liability of clerk for false certificate or failure to give bond
• § 8.01-101 — Purchasers relieved of liability for purchase money paid to such commissioner
• § 8.01-102 — Purchasers not required to see to application of purchase money
• § 8.01-103 — Special commissioner or other person appointed to do so to receive purchase money, etc.; liability of clerk for failure to give notice of appointment
• § 8.01-105 — Rule against special commissioner, purchaser, etc., for judgment for amounts due
• § 8.01-106 — How cause heard upon rule and judgment rendered
• § 8.01-107 — Trial by jury of issues made upon rule
• § 8.01-108 — When sureties of commissioner, purchaser, etc., proceeded against by rule
• § 8.01-109 — Commission for selling, collecting, etc.; each piece of property to constitute separate sale
• § 8.01-110 — Appointment of special commissioner to execute deed, etc.; effect of deed
• § 8.01-111 — What such deed to show
• § 8.01-112 — Reinstatement of cause to appoint special commissioner to make deed
• § 8.01-113 — When title of purchaser at judicial sale not to be disturbed
• § 8.01-114 — When property to be taken by officer; summary of evidence, affidavits and report to be filed
• § 8.01-115 — Bond required as prerequisite
• § 8.01-116 — Return of property to defendant or other claimant
• § 8.01-117 — Exceptions to sufficiency of bonds
• § 8.01-119 — Hearing to review issuance of order or process under § 8.01-114 or to consider request for such order or process
• § 8.01-120 — No verdict as to some items; omission of price or value
• § 8.01-121 — Final judgment
• § 8.01-122 — Charges for keeping property
• § 8.01-123 — Recovery of damages sustained for property withheld during appeal
• § 8.01-124 — Motion for judgment in circuit court for unlawful entry or detainer
• § 8.01-125 — When summons returnable to circuit court; jury
• § 8.01-126 — Summons for unlawful detainer issued by magistrate or clerk or judge of a general district court
• § 8.01-128 — Verdict and judgment; damages
• § 8.01-129 — Appeal from judgment of general district court
• § 8.01-130 — Judgment not to bar action of trespass, ejectment, or unlawful detainer
• § 8.01-130.01 — Unlawful detainer; expungement
• § 8.01-130.1 — Remedy for rent and for use and occupation
• § 8.01-130.2 — Who may recover rent or compensation
• § 8.01-130.3 — Who is liable for rent
• § 8.01-130.4 — When and by whom distress made
• § 8.01-130.5 — Procedure for trial on warrant in distress
• § 8.01-130.6 — On what goods levied; to what extent goods liable; priorities between landlord and other lienors
• § 8.01-130.7 — Procedure when distress levied and tenant unable to give forthcoming bond; what defense may be made
• § 8.01-130.8 — Review of decision to issue ex parte order or process; claim of exemption
• § 8.01-130.9 — On what terms purchasers and lienors inferior to landlord may remove goods; certain liens not affected
• § 8.01-130.10 — When goods of a sublessee may be removed from leased premises
• § 8.01-130.11 — When officer may enter by force to levy distress or attachment
• § 8.01-130.12 — When distress not unlawful because of irregularity, etc
• § 8.01-130.13 — Return of execution; process of sale thereunder
• § 8.01-131 — Action of ejectment retained; when and by whom brought
• § 8.01-132 — What interest and right plaintiff must have
• § 8.01-133 — Who shall be defendants; when and how landlord may defend
• § 8.01-134 — How action commenced and prosecuted
• § 8.01-135 — What is to be stated in motion for judgment
• § 8.01-136 — How premises described
• § 8.01-137 — Plaintiff to state how he claims
• § 8.01-138 — There may be several counts and several plaintiffs
• § 8.01-139 — What proof by plaintiff is sufficient
• § 8.01-140 — Effect of reservation in deed; burden of proof
• § 8.01-141 — When action by cotenants, etc., against cotenants, what plaintiff to prove
• § 8.01-142 — Verdict when action against several defendants
• § 8.01-143 — When there may be several judgments against defendants
• § 8.01-144 — Recovery of part of premises claimed
• § 8.01-145 — When possession of part not possession of whole
• § 8.01-146 — When vendee, etc., entitled to conveyance of legal title, vendor cannot recover
• § 8.01-147 — When mortgagee or trustee not to recover
• § 8.01-148 — Right of defendant to resort to equity not affected
• § 8.01-149 — Verdict when jury finds for plaintiffs or any of them
• § 8.01-150 — Verdict when any plaintiff has no right
• § 8.01-151 — How verdict to specify premises recovered
• § 8.01-152 — How verdict to specify undivided interest or share
• § 8.01-153 — Verdict to specify estate of plaintiff
• § 8.01-154 — When right of plaintiff expires before trial, what judgment entered
• § 8.01-155 — How judgment for plaintiff entered
• § 8.01-156 — Authority of sheriffs, etc., to store and sell personal property removed from premises; recovery of possession by owner; disposition or sale
• § 8.01-158 — How claim of plaintiff for profits and damages assessed
• § 8.01-159 — When court to assess damages
• § 8.01-160 — Defendant to give notice of claim for improvements
• § 8.01-161 — How allowed
• § 8.01-162 — Postponement of assessment and allowance
• § 8.01-163 — Judgment to be conclusive
• § 8.01-164 — Recovery of mesne profits, etc., not affected
• § 8.01-165 — Writ of right, etc., abolished
• § 8.01-166 — How defendant may apply therefor, and have judgment suspended
• § 8.01-167 — How damages of plaintiff assessed
• § 8.01-168 — For what time
• § 8.01-169 — How value of improvements determined in favor of defendant
• § 8.01-170 — If allowance for improvements exceed damages, what to be done
• § 8.01-171 — Verdict for balance, after offsetting damages against improvements
• § 8.01-172 — Balance for defendant a lien on the land
• § 8.01-173 — How tenant for life, paying for improvements, reimbursed
• § 8.01-174 — Exception as to mortgagees and trustees
• § 8.01-175 — When plaintiff may require his estate only to be valued; how determined; how he may elect to relinquish his title to defendant
• § 8.01-176 — How payment of such value to be made by defendant; when land sold therefor
• § 8.01-177 — When such value to be deemed real estate
• § 8.01-178 — When and how defendant, if evicted, may recover from plaintiff amount paid
• § 8.01-178.1 — Waste; who is liable
• § 8.01-178.2 — Civil action for waste; double damages
• § 8.01-178.3 — Waste for tenant to sell or remove manure from leased premises
• § 8.01-178.4 — Waste committed during pendency of action
• § 8.01-179 — Motion for judgment to establish boundary lines
• § 8.01-180 — Parties defendant; pleadings
• § 8.01-181 — Surveys
• § 8.01-182 — Claims to rents, etc., not considered
• § 8.01-183 — Recordation and effect of judgment
• § 8.01-184 — Power to issue declaratory judgments
• § 8.01-184.1 — Declaratory judgment to adjudicate constitutional nexus
• § 8.01-185 — Venue
• § 8.01-186 — Further relief
• § 8.01-187 — Commissioners, condemnation jurors, or court to determine compensation for property taken or damaged
• § 8.01-188 — Jury trial
• § 8.01-189 — Injunction
• § 8.01-190 — Costs
• § 8.01-191 — Construction of article
• § 8.01-192 — How claims to be prosecuted
• § 8.01-193 — Defense and hearing
• § 8.01-194 — Jury may be impaneled; judgment
• § 8.01-195 — No judgment to be paid without special appropriation
• § 8.01-195.1 — Short title
• § 8.01-195.2 — Definitions
• § 8.01-195.3 — Commonwealth, transportation district or locality liable for damages in certain cases
• § 8.01-195.4 — Jurisdiction of claims under this article; right to jury trial; service on Commonwealth or locality; amending amount of claim
• § 8.01-195.5 — Settlement of certain cases
• § 8.01-195.6 — Notice of claim
• § 8.01-195.7 — Statute of limitations
• § 8.01-195.8 — Release of further claims
• § 8.01-195.9 — Claims evaluation program
• § 8.01-195.10 — Purpose; action by the General Assembly required; definitions
• § 8.01-195.11 — Compensation for wrongful incarceration
• § 8.01-195.12 — Conditions for continued compensation
• § 8.01-195.13 — Compensation for certain intentional acts
• § 8.01-196 — Comptroller to institute proceedings
• § 8.01-197 — In what name; when not to abate
• § 8.01-198 — Action, against whom instituted
• § 8.01-199 — Judgment, nature of
• § 8.01-200 — Mistakes against State corrected
• § 8.01-201 — Execution; real estate to be sold
• § 8.01-202 — Execution, to whom issued
• § 8.01-203 — Goods and chattels liable before real estate
• § 8.01-204 — Notice of sale of real estate; when sale to be made
• § 8.01-205 — How sale made
• § 8.01-206 — Terms of sale
• § 8.01-207 — Who to collect purchase money and make deed; disposition of proceeds of sale
• § 8.01-208 — When successor of officer to make deed
• § 8.01-209 — Bond for purchase money to have force of judgment
• § 8.01-210 — Judgment against deceased obligors
• § 8.01-211 — When venditioni exponas issued to sheriff of adjacent county; what to contain
• § 8.01-212 — Officer to deliver to sheriff goods and chattels levied on
• § 8.01-213 — Where same to be sold
• § 8.01-214 — Where real estate to be sold
• § 8.01-215 — Return of officer when sale not made because of prior encumbrance
• § 8.01-216 — Comptroller's power to adjust old claims
• § 8.01-216.1 — Citation
• § 8.01-216.2 — Definitions
• § 8.01-216.3 — False claims; civil penalty
• § 8.01-216.4 — Attorney General; investigation, civil action
• § 8.01-216.5 — Civil actions filed by private persons; Commonwealth may intervene
• § 8.01-216.6 — Rights of private plaintiff and Commonwealth
• § 8.01-216.7 — Award to private plaintiff
• § 8.01-216.8 — Certain actions barred; relief from employment discrimination; waiver of sovereign immunity
• § 8.01-216.9 — Procedure; statute of limitations
• § 8.01-216.10 — Civil investigative demands; issuance; sharing information
• § 8.01-216.11 — Civil investigative demands; contents and deadlines
• § 8.01-216.12 — Civil investigative demands; protected material or information
• § 8.01-216.13 — Civil investigative demands; service and jurisdiction
• § 8.01-216.14 — Civil investigative demands; documentary material
• § 8.01-216.15 — Civil investigative demands; interrogatories
• § 8.01-216.16 — Civil investigative demands; oral examinations
• § 8.01-216.17 — Civil investigative demands; custodian of documents; answers
• § 8.01-216.18 — Civil investigative demands; judicial proceedings for noncompliance
• § 8.01-216.19 — Application of the Rules of the Supreme Court
• § 8.01-217 — How name of person may be changed
• § 8.01-218 — Replevin abolished
• § 8.01-219 — Effect of judgment in trover
• § 8.01-219.1 — Responsibility of possessor of real property for harm to trespasser
• § 8.01-220 — Action for alienation of affection, breach of promise, criminal conversation and seduction abolished
• § 8.01-220.1 — Defense of interspousal immunity abolished as to certain causes of action arising on or after July 1, 1981
• § 8.01-220.1:1 — Civil immunity for officers, partners, members, managers, trustees and directors of certain tax exempt organizations
• § 8.01-220.1:2 — Civil immunity for teachers under certain circumstances
• § 8.01-220.1:3 — Immunity for members of church, synagogue or religious body
• § 8.01-220.1:4 — Civil immunity for officers and directors of certain nonprofit organizations
• § 8.01-220.1:5 — Defense of intra-family immunity abolished for wrongful death actions
• § 8.01-221 — Damages from violation of statute, remedy therefor and penalty
• § 8.01-221.1 — Unestablished business damages; lost profits
• § 8.01-221.2 — Rescission; undue influence; attorney fees
• § 8.01-223 — Lack of privity no defense in certain cases
• § 8.01-223.1 — Use of constitutional rights
• § 8.01-223.2 — Immunity of persons for statements made at public hearing or communicated to third party
• § 8.01-224 — Defense of governmental immunity not available to certain persons in actions for damages from blasting, etc
• § 8.01-225 — Persons rendering emergency care, obstetrical services exempt from liability
• § 8.01-225.01 — Certain immunity for health care providers during disasters under specific circumstances
• § 8.01-225.02 — Certain liability protection for health care providers during disasters
• § 8.01-225.03 — Certain immunity for certain hospices, home care organizations, private providers, assisted living facilities, and adult day centers during a disaster under specific circumstances
• § 8.01-225.1 — Immunity for team physicians
• § 8.01-225.2 — Immunity for those rendering emergency care to animals
• § 8.01-225.3 — Immunity for volunteer first responders en route to an emergency
• § 8.01-226 — Duty of care to law-enforcement officers, firefighters, etc
• § 8.01-226.1 — Civil immunity when participating in Lawyers Helping Lawyers
• § 8.01-226.2 — Civil immunity for licensed professional engineers and licensed architects participating in rescue or relief assistance
• § 8.01-226.3 — Civil immunity for officers, directors and members of certain crime information-gathering organizations
• § 8.01-226.4 — Civil immunity for hospice volunteers
• § 8.01-226.5 — Immunity for installers and inspectors of child restraint devices
• § 8.01-226.5:1 — Civil immunity for school board employees supervising self-administration of certain medication
• § 8.01-226.5:2 — Immunity of hospital and emergency medical services agency personnel for the acceptance of certain infants
• § 8.01-226.7 — Owner and agent compliance with residential lead-based paint notification; maintenance immunity
• § 8.01-226.8 — Civil immunity for public and nonprofit corporation officials and private volunteers participating in certain programs for probationers
• § 8.01-226.9 — Exemption from civil liability in connection with arrest or detention of person suspected of shoplifting
• § 8.01-226.10 — Civil immunity for causing the arrest of a person for a bad check
• § 8.01-226.11 — Civil immunity for operation of victim notification program
• § 8.01-226.12 — Duty of landlord and managing agent with respect to visible mold
• § 8.01-226.13 — Limited standing to seek injunctive relief against manufacturing companies
• § 8.01-227 — Remedy by motion on certain bonds given or taken by officers; notice
• § 8.01-227.4 — Definitions
• § 8.01-227.5 — Persons who may bring action; persons against whom actions may be brought; damages recoverable
• § 8.01-227.6 — Law-enforcement officer or agency; health care provider not liable under certain conditions
• § 8.01-227.7 — Statute of limitations
• § 8.01-227.8 — Definitions
• § 8.01-227.9 — Civil immunity for space flight entities
• § 8.01-227.10 — Warning required
• § 8.01-227.11 — Definitions
• § 8.01-227.12 — Warnings and other winter sports area operator requirements
• § 8.01-227.13 — Winter sports area trail maps
• § 8.01-227.14 — Freestyle terrain
• § 8.01-227.15 — Winter sports area vehicles
• § 8.01-227.16 — Passenger tramways
• § 8.01-227.17 — Duties and responsibilities of winter sports participants and certain other individuals
• § 8.01-227.18 — Helmets
• § 8.01-227.19 — Assumption of risks
• § 8.01-227.20 — Liability of winter sports area operator
• § 8.01-227.21 — Common law regarding minors
• § 8.01-227.22 — Failure to fulfill duty or responsibility not negligence per se
• § 8.01-227.23 — Applicability of article